Women’s Upliftment and Social Hypocrisy

The condition of women in the Indian subcontinent is relatively worse compared to developed and developing countries. Due to the patriarchal family structure and male-dominated mindset, women have not been provided with equal opportunities in social, political, economic, and educational spheres. Talking about women’s upliftment, protection, and equal rights with men has become somewhat fashionable across various platforms. However, the ground reality is dire and deeply unsettling.

The frequent news of atrocities against daughters highlights the dark mentality of society. The increasing numbers of dowry deaths and domestic violence cases are alarming. Many crimes against women and daughters go unreported due to societal stigma and the influence of perpetrators. Victims often do not receive justice due to the legal process and lack of support. Rape cases have become a common occurrence, with even young and innocent girls falling prey to heinous crimes. Predatory eyes lurk everywhere, targeting girls stepping out of their homes, and often these predators are acquaintances or relatives. On top of this, societal fears and rigid customs sometimes push families into committing shameful acts like honor killings.

In 1997, the Supreme Court of India issued the Vishaka Guidelines as a result of the struggle led by Bhanwari Devi from Bhateri, Jaipur, and various women’s organizations. These guidelines were designed to ensure the safety of women in public and private spaces. Despite the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, thousands of women still lose their lives annually due to dowry-related issues, with the situation worsening each day.

An important aspect to consider is the role of women in perpetuating the patriarchal mindset. In cases of mistreatment of daughters-in-law or widows, women in families, such as mothers-in-law or sisters-in-law, are often more culpable than men. Many women exhibit a discriminatory attitude towards daughters-in-law while treating their daughters differently. This bias is also seen among parents who provide sons with more privileges and freedom while neglecting their daughters.

Post-independence, various governments and political parties made promises and resolutions for women’s welfare but failed to implement them effectively. Politics remains male-dominated, and women have yet to receive adequate representation and participation in governance. Despite constituting nearly 45% of the population, women hold only 11.4% of parliamentary seats, with similar scenarios in state legislatures. The Women’s Reservation Bill, promising 33% reservation for women, has been pending for years due to political indifference.

Many organizations, including the National Commission for Women, appear to work for women’s betterment, and governments occasionally launch programs for women’s rights and development. However, these efforts often fail to significantly influence societal thinking. The double standards of individuals working in these programs hinder their success, as their public views on women often differ from their private beliefs.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar once remarked that a society’s progress can be judged by the status of its women. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution prohibits gender-based discrimination, laying a foundation for women’s development. In 1951, Ambedkar introduced the Hindu Code Bill in Parliament, advocating equal inheritance rights and other provisions for women. However, the orthodox mindset opposed the bill, leading to its rejection. Over time, fragmented pieces of the bill evolved into the Hindu Marriage Act, Hindu Succession Act, and other laws. In 2005, daughters achieved a significant milestone when they were granted equal inheritance rights in joint family property.

While ancient scriptures and sayings glorify women, societal practices remain in stark contrast. Cruelty against daughters persists in homes, schools, workplaces, and public spaces. Daughters do not seek worship; they simply wish to live a dignified life. Today, they demand safety and protection from society and the government.

Despite advancements in education and global changes, there is still much to be done to bring women on par with men. Creating a conducive social environment and progressive mindset is essential for empowering women in all fields. The efforts initiated by pioneers like Savitribai Phule have brought significant progress, but the journey is far from over. Numerous barriers and prejudices continue to obstruct women’s empowerment, requiring honest and collective efforts to overcome them. Only then can we truly honor women and celebrate the essence of their existence.

*Author: M.L. Dangi*